On this day in 1776, British political theorist Thomas Paine published a pamphlet called
Common Sense, arguing eloquently for American independence. In it, he wrote,
"These are the times that try men's souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered."Common Sense sold over 500,000 copies in a land whose estimated population was 2.5 million. That would be equivalent to selling 58,000,000 copies in the US today.
Paine and his pamphlet had a great influence on the
Declaration of Independence. In fact, many scholars argue that Paine
ghost wrote the
Declaration of Independence, and that Jefferson, Franklin, Madison, et al edited and fine-tuned it.
Not just a thinker, Paine served as a soldier in the revolutionary army, and continued writing his inspirational works for the cause of liberty -
The Crisis Papers being the most remarkable of those. After the defeat of the British, he continued writing such revolutionary works as
The Rights of Man. In England he was charged with sedition for advocating overthrowing the monarchy; he left England for France, where he went on to provide philosophical support for the French Revolution. As a foreigner in the French National Convention, he argued bitterly to spare the life of the ousted King of France. That positon landed him in French Prison.
The last of his radical works,
The Age of Reason and
Agrarian Justice earned him the disfavor of the pious and the wealthy. How quickly people forgot that a few years earlier John Adams, President of the US, said "Without the pen of Paine, the sword of Washington would have been wielded in vain."
Paine died penniless and ignored. Only six mourners attended the funeral of the man who had once inspired millions to think in new ways about the world. Appropriately, 2 of those mourners were black. A friend of Paine's attempted to bury Paine's remains in England; the Britsh crown refused, and in the subsequent confusion, Paine's remains were lost forever. I like to think that his friend buried Paine in England, near a palace, in defiance of the royal ruling - and that Paine was buried face down, so that the monarch could K#SS PAINE'S %SS.
I said it's appropriate that African-Americans were at Paine's funeral. Here's why: of all of the people credited at various times with writing the Declaration of Independence, Paine was the only one who did not own slaves; Paine dealt with Negroes as peers. Paine's vision of a free society included women and Negroes as free and equal participants. How many of the "Founding Fathers" can claim that?